AMBER Tutorial B0
An Introduction to Molecular Dynamics Simulations using AMBER
An Introduction to Molecular Dynamics Simulations using AMBER
By Benjamin D. Madej & Ross Walker
Updated for AMBER 15
[by Aditi Munshi and Ross Walker]
Updated for AMBER 15
[by Aditi Munshi and Ross Walker]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IntroductionGetting started with Linux
Prepare topology and coordinate files
Load a protein and nucleic acid force field
Build alanine dipeptide
Solvate alanine dipeptide
Save the Amber prmtop and inpcrd input files
Prepare Amber MD sander input files
Minimization input
Heating input
Production input
Run Amber MD sander
Run minimization
Run heating MD
Run production MD
Visualize the results
Analyze the MD results
Production MD system properties
Use cpptraj to analyze the RMSD
Conclusion
Appendix: tutorial files
Reference and links
Introduction
This tutorial is designed to provide an introduction to molecular dynamics simulations with Amber. It is designed around AMBER Tools v14 and assumes that you have not used Linux or Amber before. It is designed for new users who want to learn about how to run Molecular Dynamics simulations. It does however assume that you have a machine with AmberTools v15, VMD and xmgrace correctly installed.AMBER stands for Assisted Model Building and Energy Refinement. It refers not only to the molecular dynamics programs, but also a set of force fields that describe the potential energy function and parameters of the interactions of biomolecules.
In order to run a Molecular Dynamics simulation in Amber, each molecule's interactions are described by a molecular force field. The force field has specific parameters defined for each molecule.
sander is the basic MD engine of Amber. pmemd is the high performance implementation of the MD engine that contains a subset of features of sander. pmemd can also be run with acceleration from graphics processing units (GPU).
In order to run an MD simulation with sander or pmemd, three key files are needed:
- prmtop - The file that describes the parameter and topology of the molecules in the system
- inpcrd - The file that describes the initial molecular coordinates of the system
- mdin - The file that describes the settings for the Amber MD engine
Getting started with Linux
Amber MD is software that is entirely based on a Command Line Interface (CLI) on a computer with Linux. To run Amber, you will need to open a terminal.1. Open a terminal now on your Linux computer.
On most Linux machines, your terminal will look like this:
Most of the work for this tutorial will be done mainly through the terminal.
List files and make a directory (folder) to store your files in
When you first log in and start a terminal, your current working directory (or folder) is your home directory. It has the same name as your username, and it is where your files and directories are stored. In most cases, this is /home/usernamels (list)
2. Use the ls command to list what is in your current directory.Note that the "$" is the command line prompt in the terminal.
$ lsAt this point there will probably be some files and directories in your home directory that are created automatically with your account.
mkdir (make directory)
You'll need a new directory for the files and folders created in this tutorial.3. Make a new directory for this tutorial with the mkdir command called Tutorial.
$ mkdir TutorialNow when you do ls you should see your new directory has been created.
$ ls
Tutorial
cd (change directory)
At this point, you'll want to move into your Tutorial directory so that you can save all of your working files there.4. Use the cd command to change to different directory.
$ cd TutorialThere is a special directory named "..". This means the parent of the current directory. So to return to the parent of the Tutorial directory use cd ..
$ ls
$ cd ..If you ever need to return to your home directory use just the cd command by itself. Tilde "~" is a shortcut to your home directory. The following commands both change directory to your home directory.
$ ls
Tutorial
$ cd
$ cd ~
pwd (print working directory)
Pathnames describe what directory you are in relative to the entire computer's filesystem. You home directory has location within the entire filesystem.5. Print the working directory pathname of your home directory with pwd.
$ cdThis is the current working directory that you're located in. In this case the directory username is in the directory home which is in the / (root) directory.
$ pwd
/home/username
Prepare topology and coordinate files
For this tutorial, you will build the following molecule in the preparatory program called xLEaP for simulation in AMBER.
6. Start xLEaP now with the xleap command.
$ xleapYou should see a window like this:
-I: Adding /usr/local/amber_14/amber/dat/leap/prep to search path.
-I: Adding /usr/local/amber_14/amber/dat/leap/lib to search path.
-I: Adding /usr/local/amber_14/amber/dat/leap/parm to search path.
-I: Adding /usr/local/amber_14/amber/dat/leap/cmd to search path.
Warning:
Do NOT click the "X" on any LEaP window. It will quit LEaP entirely.
Note:
At this point it's a good idea to turn Num Lock off for the menus to work.
Load a protein and nucleic acid force field
A MD force field is the the Hamiltonian (potential energy function) and the related parameters that describe the intra- and intermolecular interactions between the molecules in the system. In MD, the Hamiltonian is integrated to describe the forces and velocities of the molecules.The basic form of the Amber Hamiltonian is:
In order to run a molecular dynamics simulation, we need to load a
force field to describe the potential energy of alanine dipeptide. We
will use the AMBER force field FF14SB for proteins and nucleic acids.
FF14SB is based off FF12SB, an updated version of FF99SB, which in turn
was based on the original Amber Cornell et al (1995) [ff94]
force field. The most significant changes to the FF14SB force field
included updated torsion terms for the protein Phi-Psi angles and refits
of the torsion terms for side chains. Together these improved the
estimation of alpha helices in these molecules.
7. source
(load) the FF14SB force field now.
> source leaprc.protein.ff14SB
Loading parameters:
/usr/local/amber14/dat/leap/parm/frcmod.ff14SB
Reading force field modification type file (frcmod)
Reading title:
Build alanine dipeptide
We can build an alanine dipeptide as an alanine amino acid capped with an acetyl group on the N-terminus and n-methylamide on the C-terminus. After we loaded the force field ff14SB, xLEaP now has these "units" available to build into a molecule. The sequence command will create a new unit from the available units and connect them together.8. Use sequence to create a new unit called foo out of the ACE, ALA, and NME units.
Note that the ">" indicates the command line in xLEaP.
> foo = sequence { ACE ALA NME }
Now you have a single alanine dipeptide molecule stored in the unit foo.
xLEaP provides a very basic editor to examine and change units and
molecules.9. Examine the structure of the alanine dipeptide molecule. Use the edit command to view the structure.
> edit fooThe editing window will look like this:
From here, you can examine the topology, structure, atom names, atom types, and partial charges of the molecule. Basic editing of the molecule is also possible.
Warning:
Do NOT click the "X" to close this window. It will exit xLEaP. To close this window, use Unit -> Close.
Solvate alanine dipeptide
The next step to prepare this alanine dipeptide system is to solvate the molecule with explicit water molecules. In this simulation we will use add TIP3P water molecules to the system.In this type of simulation, the system has periodic boundary conditions, meaning that molecules that exit one side of the system will wrap to the other side of the system. It is important that the periodic box is large enough, i.e. there is enough water surrounding alanine dipeptide, so that the alanine dipeptide molecule does not interact with its periodic images.
There are many water models available for MD simulations. However, for this tutorial we will use the TIP3P water model for this simulation.
10. Solvate the system with the solvatebox command.
> source leaprc.water.tip3p
> solvatebox foo TIP3PBOX 10.0TIP3PBOX specifies the type of water box to solvate with. 10.0 indicates that the molecule should have a buffer of at least 10 Angstroms between alanine dipeptide and the periodic box wall.
Save the Amber prmtop and inpcrd input files
Now we will save the prmtop and inpcrd files to the current working directory. The unit foo now contains the alanine dipeptide molecule, water molecules, and the periodic box information necessary for simulation. The parameters will be assigned from the ff99SB force field.11. To save the prmtop and inpcrd file use the saveamberparm command.
> saveamberparm foo prmtop inpcrdWarning:
Checking Unit.
Building topology.
Building atom parameters.
Building bond parameters.
Building angle parameters.
Building proper torsion parameters.
Building improper torsion parameters.
total 4 improper torsions applied
Building H-Bond parameters.
Incorporating Non-Bonded adjustments.
Not Marking per-residue atom chain types.
Marking per-residue atom chain types.
(Residues lacking connect0/connect1 -
these don't have chain types marked:
res total affected
WAT 630
)
(no restraints)
Pay close attention to the output of this command for any warnings or errors that your prmtop and inpcrd file did not build correctly.
Amber parameter/topology and coordinate files
The alanine dipeptide prmtop and input files are available here:prmtop
inpcrd
Quit xLEaP
12. To quit xLEaP use quit.> quit
Prepare Amber MD sander input files
The last components needed are the input files that define the program settings for each MD run. For this system, we will perform an energy minimization on the system, then slowly heat the system, and then do production MD at the desired temperature and pressure.- Minimization
- Heating with constant volume and temperature (NVT) for 20ps from 0K to 300K
- Production MD with constant pressure and temperature (NPT) at 300K and 1atm for 60ps
To control all these settings, we will write a simple input file in a text editor. Linux has many text editors available, but we will use a simple text editor included on your linux computer.
13. Open the gedit Text Editor on your Linux computer.
gedit's interface looks like this:
Minimization input
14. Create the file 01_Min.in that includes the following settings for minimization:MinimizeThe settings can be summarized as follows:
&cntrl
imin=1,
ntx=1,
irest=0,
maxcyc=2000,
ncyc=1000,
ntpr=100,
ntwx=0,
cut=8.0,
/
| imin=1 |
Choose a minimization run |
| ntx=1 |
Read coordinates but not velocities
from ASCII formatted inpcrd
coordinate file |
| irest=0 |
Do not restart simulation. (not
applicable to minimization) |
| maxcyc=2000 |
Maximum minimization cycles |
| ncyc=1000 |
The steepest descent algorithm for
the first 0-ncyc cycles,
then switches the conjugate gradient algorithm for ncyc-maxcyc
cycles |
| ntpr=100 |
Print to the Amber mdout
output file every ntpr
cycles |
| ntwx=0 |
No Amber mdcrd
trajectory file written (not applicable to minimization) |
| cut=8.0 |
Nonbonded cutoff distance in
Angstroms (for PME, limit of the direct space sum - do NOT reduce
this below 8.0. Higher numbers give slightly better accuracy but
at vastly increased computational cost.) |
Heating input
15. Create the file 02_Heat.in that includes the following settings for heating:HeatThe settings can be summarized as follows:
&cntrl
imin=0,
ntx=1,
irest=0,
nstlim=10000,
dt=0.002,
ntf=2,
ntc=2,
tempi=0.0,
temp0=300.0,
ntpr=100,
ntwx=100,
cut=8.0,
ntb=1,
ntp=0,
ntt=3,
gamma_ln=2.0,
nmropt=1,
ig=-1,
/
&wt type='TEMP0', istep1=0, istep2=9000, value1=0.0, value2=300.0 /
&wt type='TEMP0', istep1=9001, istep2=10000, value1=300.0, value2=300.0 /
&wt type='END' /
| imin=0 |
Choose a molecular dynamics (MD)
run [no minimization] |
| nstlim=10000 |
Number of MD steps in run (nstlim *
dt = run length in ps) |
| dt=0.002 |
Time step in picoseconds (ps). The
time length of each MD step |
| ntf=2 |
Setting to not calculate force for
SHAKE constrained bonds |
| ntc=2 |
Enable SHAKE to constrain all bonds
involving hydrogen |
| tempi=0.0 |
Initial thermostat temperature in K
(see NMROPT section) |
| temp0=300.0 |
Final thermostat temperature in K
(see NMROPT section) |
| ntwx=1000 |
Write Amber trajectory file mdcrd
every ntwx steps |
| ntb=1 |
Periodic boundaries for constant
volume |
| ntp=0 |
No pressure control |
| ntt=3 |
Temperature control with Langevin
thermostat |
| gamma_ln=2.0 |
Langevin thermostat collision
frequency |
| nmropt=1 |
NMR restraints and weight changes
read (see NMROPT section) |
| ig=-1 |
Randomize the seed for the
pseudo-random number generator [always a good idea unless you are
debugging a simulation problem] |
Thermostat temperature via NMROPT
The final three lines allow the thermostat to change its target temperature throughout the simulation. For the first 9000 steps, the temperature will increase from 0K to 300K. For steps 9001 to 10000, the temperature will remain at 300K.Production input
Warning:By itself, this input file is not intended for general MD simulations.
NTPR and NTWX are set very low so that it is possible to analyze this short simulation. Using these settings for longer MD simulations will create very large output and trajectory files and will be slower than regular MD. For real production MD, you'll need to increase NTPR and NTWX.
The production time of this simulation is only 60ps. Ideally, we would run this simulation for much longer, but in the interest of time for this tutorial, we have limited the production simulation time.
16. Create the file 03_Prod.in with the settings for production MD:
ProductionThe settings for production can be summarized as follows:
&cntrl
imin=0,
ntx=5,
irest=1,
nstlim=30000,
dt=0.002,
ntf=2,
ntc=2,
temp0=300.0,
ntpr=100,
ntwx=100,
cut=8.0,
ntb=2,
ntp=1,
ntt=3,
gamma_ln=2.0,
ig=-1,
/
| ntx=5 |
Read coordinates and velocities
from unformatted inpcrd
coordinate file |
| irest=1 |
Restart previous MD run [This means
velocities are expected in the inpcrd file and will be used to
provide initial atom velocities] |
| temp0=300.0 |
Thermostat temperature. Run at 300K |
| ntb=2 |
Use periodic boundary conditions
with constant pressure |
| ntp=1 |
Use the Berendsen barostat for
constant pressure simulation |
Input files
The sander input files are available here:01_Min.in
02_Heat.in
03_Prod.in
Run Amber MD sander
Now that we have all the ingredients: the parameter and topology file prmtop, the coordinate file inpcrd, and the input files 01_Min.in, 02_Heat.in, 03_Prod.in, we are ready to run the actual minimization, heating, and production MD.To do this, we will use the program sander, the general purpose MD engine of Amber (there is also a high performance version, termed pmemd, which is part of the commercial version of AMBER and the optimum choice of MD engine but for purposes of the tutorial sander will suffice). sander is run from the command line. On the command line, we can specify several more options and choose which files are to be used for input.
17. First, from the terminal, you will need to change directories to the Tutorial directory with all of your input files. "~" is a shortcut to your home directory where you created a Tutorial directory.
$ cd ~/Tutorial
Run minimization
18. Run the minimization of alanine dipeptide with sander.$ $AMBERHOME/bin/sander -O -i 01_Min.in -o 01_Min.out -p prmtop -c inpcrd -r 01_Min.rst \ -inf 01_Min.mdinfosander uses a consistent syntax for each step of MD simulation. Here is a summary of the command line options of sander:
| -O |
Overwrite the output files if they
already exist |
| -i 01_Min.in |
Choose input file (default mdin) |
| -o 01_Min.out |
Write output file (default mdout) |
| -p prmtop |
Choose parameter and topology file
prmtop |
| -c inpcrd |
Choose coordinate file inpcrd |
| -r 01_Min.rst |
Write output restart file with
coordinates and velocities (default restrt) |
| -inf 01_Min.mdinfo |
Write MD info file with simulation
status (default mdinfo) |
sander should complete the minimization in a moderate amount of time (~ 27 seconds) depending on your computer specifications.
After sander completes, there should be an output file 01_Min.out, a restart file 01_Min.rst, and a MD info file 01_Min.mdinfo. You will use the restart file 01_Min.rst for the heating of the system.
Minimization output files
The minimization output files are available here:01_Min.out
01_Min.rst
19. Using gedit, open the output
file 01_Min.out.
In the 01_Min.out file, you
will find the details of your minimization. You should be able to see
the system energy ENERGY
decrease throughout the minimization.
Run heating MD
Now, using the restart file from the initial minimization, we will heat the system.20. Run the heating of alanine dipeptide with sander.
$ $AMBERHOME/bin/sander -O -i 02_Heat.in -o 02_Heat.out -p prmtop -c 01_Min.rst \ -r 02_Heat.rst -x 02_Heat.mdcrd -inf 02_Heat.mdinfo
Here is a summary of the command line options for sander:
| -c 01_Min.rst |
Now for the input coordinates we
choose the restart file from minimization |
| -x 02_Heat.mdcrd |
Output trajectory file for MD
simulation (default mdcrd) |
sander should complete the heating in a moderate amount of time (~ 2.5 mins) depending on your computer specifications.
Heating output files
The heating output files are available here. Some files are compressed and need to be unzipped.02_Heat.out
02_Heat.rst
02_Heat.mdcrd
21. Open the output file 02_Heat.out to view the system output.
In the 02_Heat.out file you will find the output from the heating MD. You should be able to see system information including timestep energies, and temperature. For example on the 1000 time step:
NSTEP = 1000 TIME(PS) = 2.000 TEMP(K) = 29.48 PRESS = 0.0Some of the important values include:
Etot = -6944.9552 EKtot = 112.3015 EPtot = -7057.2567
BOND = 1.0442 ANGLE = 1.7653 DIHED = 9.4906
1-4 NB = 2.6284 1-4 EEL = 46.3073 VDWAALS = 1448.7074
EELEC = -8567.1999 EHBOND = 0.0000 RESTRAINT = 0.0000
Ewald error estimate: 0.4641E-03
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NMR restraints: Bond = 0.000 Angle = 0.000 Torsion = 0.000
===============================================================================
| NSTEP |
The time step that the MD
simulation is at |
| TIME |
The total time of the simulation
(including restarts) |
| TEMP |
System temperature |
| PRESS |
System pressure |
| Etot |
Total energy of the system |
| EKtot |
Total kinetic energy of the system |
| EPtot |
Total potential energy of the
system |
Note that the pressure is 0.0 because the barostat (pressure control) is not being used in the heating.
Run production MD
Now that minimization and heating are complete. We move on to the actual production MD.22. Run the production MD of alanine dipeptide with sander.
$ $AMBERHOME/bin/sander -O -i 03_Prod.in -o 03_Prod.out -p prmtop -c 02_Heat.rst \ -r 03_Prod.rst -x 03_Prod.mdcrd -inf 03_Prod.info &Note: With the "&" at the end of the command, sander now runs in the background
Now sander is running in the background. It will take some time to run the production MD.
But we'd like to monitor the status of the production MD. So we will monitor the sander output file to check the status of the run. The Linux program tail will print the end of the output file.
23. To monitor the status of this job use the program tail to print the output file to the terminal.
$ tail -f 03_Prod.outThis prints the output file as sander is running. It's useful to keep track of the job. You can also monitor the mdinfo file (cat 03_Prod.info) which provides detailed performance data as well as estimated time to completion.
24. To exit tail, quit the program by pressing <CTRL-C>.
Complete the MD simulation
Let the MD simulation run. It should take a while to complete the simulation [~ 10 minutes].Production output
The production MD output is available here:03_Prod.out
03_Prod.rst
03_Prod.mdcrd
Once it's complete open the output file to check that the simulation completed normally.
25. Open the output file 03_Prod.out with gedit to view the output of the MD simulation.
Visualize the results
You've now run an MD simulation. In order to visualize the results, we will now use a program called VMD (Visual Molecular Dynamics). This is a molecular graphics program that can render molecular structures in 3D. VMD not only loads Protein Database (PDB) structure files, but also MD trajectories from many programs. [A more in-depth tutorial on VMD is available as an optional hands-on session listed at the bottom of the workshop program page].26. To start VMD, open a terminal, change directory to your tutorial files in the Tutorial directory, and run vmd. Remember ~/Tutorial is a shortcut to your Tutorial directory.
$ cd ~/TutorialVMD should look like this:
$ vmd
VMD is a very useful tool to visualize protein, nucleic acid, and other biomolecular atomic structures. One of the most common formats is the PDB biomolecular structure format. To load a PDB, got to File -> New Molecule.... Then load files for a New Molecule and choose the PDB file. VMD should determine the file type Automatically.
However, we would like to visualize the alanine dipeptide trajectory. Now we will load our MD trajectory to look at the dynamics of alanine dipeptide.
27. Create a new molecule with File -> New Molecule...
28. Load files for New Molecule. Then choose the Amber parameter and topology file prmtop. Set the file type to AMBER7 Parm. Click Load.
29. Load files for 0: prmtop. Then choose the Amber trajectory file 03_Prod.mdcrd. Set the file type to AMBER Coordinates with Periodic Box. Click Load.
VMD now loads your trajectory to be visualized. The main VMD window can be used to control playback.
You should be able to see the alanine dipeptide molecule as well as the many water molecules in the display. You can rotate, zoom and pan the molecules around the display with the mouse.
Many different visualization options can be changed in the Graphics -> Representations window.
Your visualization can be restricted to the alanine dipeptide as well.
30. Change the Selected Atoms to all not water.
You can change the drawing method for the molecule to a more interesting model.
31. Change the Drawing Method to Licorice.
Alanine dipeptide will look something like this:
More VMD
VMD has a lot of functions that can be used to analyze and study a MD trajectory. For example it is possible to align molecules, measure root mean squared deviations (RMSD), save structures from a trajectory, and measure physical system parameters throughout a trajectory. It's also possible to render a movie of a trajectory.However, these functions are beyond the scope of this introductory section. For more details refer to the VMD tutorial on the main AMBER Tutorial page.
Analyze the MD results
Amber includes a suite of tools to examine and analyze MD trajectories. In this tutorial, we will do a simple analysis with several Amber programs and plot the results. The analysis will primarily done from the command line in the terminal.32. Open a terminal and change directory to your tutorial files.
$ cd ~/Tutorial33. Make an Analysis directory and change to that directory.
$ mkdir AnalysisNow we will use an analysis script process_mdout.perl to analyze the MD output files. This script will extract the energies, temperature, pressure, density, and volume from the MD output files and save them to individual data files.
$ cd Analysis
34. Process the MD output files with process_mdout.perl
$ $AMBERHOME/bin/process_mdout.perl ../02_Heat.out ../03_Prod.outIt is now quite simple to plot the data saved in the output files.
We will use a convenient, simple plotting program called xmgrace to automatically generate plots for the following MD simulation properties throughout the simulation. We use this for our convenvience, but you can use any plotting program of your choice.
- MD simulation temperature
- MD simulation density
- MD simulation total, potential, and kinetic energies.
35. Use gedit to edit the summary.DENSITY file to remove the empty data points (up to 20ps).
36. Plot these properties through the simulation using the following commands.
$ xmgrace summary.TEMP
$ xmgrace summary.DENSITY
$ xmgrace summary.ETOT summary.EPTOT summary.EKTOT
Analysis data files
The analysis data files are available here:summary.TEMP
summary.DENSITY
summary.ETOT
summary.EPTOT
summary.EKTOT
Production MD system properties
Warning:We should run this simulation much longer so that the density has equilibrated and the simulation converges. However, in the interest of time for this tutorial, the production MD simulation time has been set very low so that it possible to analyze the results.
The resulting plots should look similar to these:
Alanine dipeptide MD temperature
Alanine dipeptide MD density
Alanine dipeptide MD total, potential, and kinetic energy
Use cpptraj to analyze the RMSD
The root mean squared deviation (RMSD) value is a measurement of how similar a structure's internal atomic coordinates are relative to some reference molecule coordinates. For this example, we will measure how the internal atomic coordinates change relative to the minimized structure. Specifically, we will analyze the alanine atoms (residue 2).To do this analysis, we will use cpptraj, a fairly comprehensive analysis program for processing MD trajectories. This program runs simple user-written scripts that choose what trajectories to load, what analysis to run, and what processed trajectories or structure to save.
First, we will need to write a simple cpptraj script to do this analysis.
37. Use gedit to create a cpptraj script called rmsd.cpptraj.
trajin 02_Heat.mdcrdThis is a brief summary of the cpptraj script:
trajin 03_Prod.mdcrd
reference 01_Min.rst
autoimage
rms reference mass out 02_03.rms time 2.0 :2
| trajin 02_Heat.mdcrd |
Load the trajectory 02_Heat.mdcrd |
| reference 01_Min.rst |
Define the structure 01_Min.rst as
the reference structure |
| center :1-3 mass origin |
Center the residues 1-3 by mass to
the system origin |
| image origin center |
Image the atoms to the origin using
the center of mass of the molecule |
| rms reference mass out 02_03.rms
time 2.0 :2 |
Calculate the mass weighted RMSD
using the reference and output to 02_03.rms |
Cpptraj input script file
The cpptraj input script file is available here:rmsd.cpptraj
Run cpptraj
To actually run cpptraj, we must run it again from the terminal in the directory where the prmtop, mdcrd, and reference rst file is located.38. Using the terminal, change directory to your Tutorial folder, and run cpptraj. A prmtop file and cpptraj script must be specified.
$ cd ~/TutorialNow our RMSD data is stored in the file 02_03.rms. We can simply plot this file with xmgrace.
$ $AMBERHOME/bin/cpptraj -p prmtop -i rmsd.cpptraj &> cpptraj.log
39. Plot the RMSD with xmgrace.
$ xmgrace 02_03.rms
Cpptraj output files
The cpptraj output files are available here:02_03.rms
cpptraj.log
Alanine dipeptide MD RMSD relative to minimized initial structure
Conclusion
Congratulations. You've now run your first complete MD simulation and successfully analyzed the results. This is a fairly simple example of the workflow for setting up, running, and analyzing your own MD simulation. If you want to learn more you are encouraged to complete the additional tutorials on the AMBER website.Appendix: Files
All of the files for the tutorial are available here:Alanine_Dipeptide_Files.zip